Which posture is characterized by excessive curvature of the spine backward?

Kyphosis refers to an excessive curvature of the spine in a backward direction, resulting in a rounded upper back. This condition can lead to a pronounced hunching appearance, often associated with poor posture, aging, or certain medical conditions. It primarily affects the thoracic region of the spine and can impact overall balance and mobility, making it essential for fitness instructors to recognize and address in their classes.

When considering the other choices, lordosis is characterized by an excessive inward curve of the lumbar region of the spine, sway back involves a posture where the pelvis shifts forward, and flat back describes a reduction in the normal curvature of the lumbar spine. Understanding these distinctions helps identify specific postural deviations and their implications for fitness and health.