Which term refers to the rotational equivalent of linear momentum, generated by mass, distance from the axis of rotation, and velocity?

The term that refers to the rotational equivalent of linear momentum is angular momentum. This concept is essential in understanding how rotating bodies behave. Angular momentum is defined as the product of an object's rotational inertia (mass distribution relative to the axis of rotation) and its angular velocity (the rate of rotation). This means that both the mass of the object and how far it is from the axis of rotation, combined with how fast it is moving, contribute to its angular momentum.

Angular momentum is a vector quantity, indicating both the direction and magnitude of rotation. In contrast, linear momentum pertains strictly to the motion of an object in a straight line. This distinction highlights why angular momentum is specifically the correct answer in this context.

The other terms, while relevant in discussions of forces and motion, do not specifically capture the essence of rotational momentum. For example, torque relates to the rotational force that causes an object to rotate but does not incorporate the idea of mass and velocity as factors for rotational momentum. Similarly, centrifugal force is an apparent force experienced in a rotating reference frame, while force itself is a more general term for any influence that can change the motion of an object.